TERRY JENOURE
Dr. Terry Jenoure musician, visual artist, writer and educator was born into a Puerto Rican and Jamaican family and grew up in New York’s Bronx River Housing Projects. A 2023 recipient of the prestigious Creative Capital award among numerous other accolades, she began playing violin at age 8 and after 15 years of European classical study became a protégé of Free Jazz pioneers. A self-taught visual artist who works with assemblage fiber figures and watercolor illustrations, her hand-stitched works were commissioned by the Smithsonian Institute Museum shop and appear in private collections. Jenoure’s poetry, essays, and arts-based research are featured in numerous publications. She served as graduate faculty over a twenty-year period and has lectured internationally. She was the Director of Augusta Savage Art Gallery at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, curating over 200 exhibitions and performances for three decades. Terry Jenoure has masters and doctoral degrees in Education, and a bachelor’s degree in Philosophy.
Education
2010 Certification Amherst Writers and Artists (AWA); Amherst, MA
1995 Ed.D. Cultural Diversity and Curriculum Reform; School of Education;
University of Massachusetts; Amherst, Ma.
1981 M.Ed. Multicultural Education; University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA
1974 B.A. Philosophy; The College of Wooster; Wooster, OH
1973 Institute of European Studies; Nantes, France
1971-3 Beirut College for Women; Beirut, Lebanon
1970 The High School of Music and Art; New York, N.Y.
Music Recordings
2024 Terry Jenoure, Miracle on the South Rim, Secret To Life Records
2024 Terry Jenoure, Dakota, Terry Jenoure Records
2022 Terry Jenoure, Letters From Papa, Terry Jenoure Records
2021 Terry Jenoure, Portal, Terry Jenoure Records
2008 Michael Dessen, Lineal, Clean Feed Records,
2006 Terry Jenoure, Sebastian Gramms, & Helios String Quartet; Looks Like Me, Free Elephant
2002 Terry Jenoure, Before I Wake: Freedon and Peace Songs, Terry Jenoure Records
2001 Terry Jenoure; Promises, She Imagines Music,
1999 Terry Jenoure; Purple and Silk, She Imagines Music
1992 Terry Jenoure/Sibylle Pomerin; Auguries of Speed, ICM Records,
1990 Compilation; From Hip-Hop to Be-Bop, Rhythm Attack Productions
1989 John Carter; Shadows On A Wall, Gramavision Records,
1988 John Carter; Fields, Gramavision Records,
1987 Terry Jenoure; Give You This, Minor Music,
1987 John Carter; Dance of the Love Ghosts, Gramavision Records,
1986 John Carter; The Castles of Ghana, Gramavision Records,
1984 Leroy Jenkins; Urban Blues, Black Saint Records,
1983 Richard Dunbar; Running Buddies, Vol. 1, Jahari Records,
1983 Richard Dunbar; Running Buddies, Vol. 2, Jahari Records,
1983 Dr. Umezu Band; Dynamite, London Records,
1980 Archie Shepp; Live at the Palais des Glace, Blu Marge Records,
1978 New Life; Visions of the Third Eye; New Life Records
1977 Marion Brown; Zenzile, Baystate Records
Selected Music Performances
2020-present
State University of New York Old Westbury; Long Island, NY
Firehouse 12; New Haven, CT
Bombyx; Florence, MA
Hartford Jazz Society; Hartford, CT
Omega Institute; Rhinebeck, NY
Roulette; Brooklyn, NY
Real Artways; Hartford, CT
Pioneer Valley Jazz Shares (3 concerts)
Shea Theater; Turners Falls, MA
2010-‘20
Albania, National Albanian Theater
Kosovo, Teatri Kombëtar, National Theater of Kosovo
Macedonia, National Theater in Skopje
The Arts Block, Greenfield, MA
New WORLD Theatre, U. of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA
Vision Festival; New York, NY
Shea Theater; Turners Falls, MA
Hawks & Reed; Greenfield, MA
2000-‘10
Reggio Calabria Summer Festival; Italy
Moers Festival; Moers, Germany
Zo Jazz Festival, Catania, Italy
Columbia University; New York, NY
District Six Museum, Cape Town, South Africa
Magic Triangle Series, U. of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA
Acierie de Dudelange; Dudelange, Luxemburg
1990-2000
International Gospel Festival; Halifax, Nova Scotia
Berlin Jazz Festival; Germany
Museum of Natural History; Denver, CO
Moja Arts Festival; Toronto, Canada
New Works Festival/Tigertail Productions; Sao Paulo, Brazil
Roulette; New York, NY
Real Artways; Hartford, CT
1980-90
The Painted Bride; Phila., PA
Apollo Theater; New York, NY
New Music America; Milwaukee, WS
New Music America; Los Angeles, CA
Frankfurt Jazz Festival; Frankfurt, Germany
Hallwalls; Buffalo, NY
D.C. Space; Washington, D.C.
Fabrik Jazz Festival; Hamburg, Germany
Kool Jazz Festival; Los Angeles, CA
Kool Jazz Festival; Saratoga Springs, NY
The Kitchen; NY, NY
Carnegie Recital Hall; New York, NY
Montreal Jazz Festival; Montreal, Canada
Willisau Jazz Festival; Willisau, Switzerland
Jazz Nyon; Nyon, Switzerland
Moers Festival; Moers, Germany
Bunker am Herrenwall; Bielefeld, Germany
Bimhuis; Amsterdam, Netherlands
Press Reviews
“A clear, biting soprano…dynamic tone” The New York Times
“A stirring vocal performance by Terry Jenoure, part art song, part griot-like recitative, part speaking in tongues” Downbeat Magazine
“Terry Jenoure has a sassy, direct quality” Variety
“An excellent musician” Hi-Fi Vision, Germany
“A beautiful, emotionally charged style” Listening Post, Georgia
“Jenoure is a force to be reckoned with” Springfield Inquirer, Massachusetts
“Jenoure demands attention. It is a voice of muscular lows and piercing cries, an agile, wiry survivor of a voice. It is the voice of faith in the apocalyptic urban wilderness” The Milwaukee Journal
“…Incredibly brilliant high register singing” The Chronicle-Herald, Nova Scotia
“Jenoure made scat a logical extension for the voice. She’s clearly a talent deserving more attention” The Hartford Courant, CT
“[An] established voice in jazz poetry” Nycjazzrecord.com
“A scorching cameo by violinist Terry Jenoure” exclaim.ca
“A searing vocal solo by Jenoure recalls the darkest, most evocative moments of Abbey Lincoln” jazz.com
“A cameo from violinist Terry Jenoure fills the soundscape with a haunting hymenopteran buzz.” thequietus.com
“Touches of chamber jazz, lively gypsy dances and earthy call-and-response…sung expressively by violinist Terry Jenoure.” The Washington Post
“[I]n solos during Monday's second set, only James Emery on electric guitar and Miss Jenoure as a violinist or scat vocalist could compete successfully with the band's riffs.” The New York Times
“On violin, her classically inflected, dynamic tone challenges Mr. Jenkins's dry whine.” The New York Times
“Jenoure's dramatic recitation on "And I Saw Them" is reminiscent of Jeanne Lee's work with Archie Shepp. nightafternight.com
“Terry Jenoure, a very interesting violin player who isn’t nearly as well-known as she ought to be…She released a 3CD set called Portal last year that’s fantastic.” Ivy.fm Burning Ambulance podcast
“Violinist and vocalist Terry Jenoure, in some ways the star of the piece…” Chicago Tribune
Visual Art Exhibitions
Solo
2023 This Long Arc, ECA Gallery; Easthampton, MA
2019 Great Expectations, A.P.E. Gallery; Northampton, MA
2016 Canary; Hampden Gallery; U. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
2011 Abuela’s Last Wedding; solo exhibition, Gallery in the Woods, Brattleboro, VT
2007 Beyond Heaven and Earth (solo) Hampden Gallery, U. of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA
Group
2022 Art of the Hills; (Prize: Honorable Mention) Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, MA
2022 Syncopate: Homage to Jazz, A-3 Gallery, Amherst, MA
2022 Art as Salve, New Arts Center, Newton, MA
2022 Call and Response, ArtsWorcester and the Fitchburg Arts Museum, Worcester, MA
2021 Small Wonders, A-3 Gallery, Amherst, MA
2017 Seeing Ourselves: Self Portraits by 50 Women Artists, A.P.E. Gallery, Northampton, MA
2017 Fiber Art, Omega Institute, Rhinebeck, NY
2017 Self-Indulgence; Hampden Gallery, Amherst, MA
2016 Smithsonian Museum Store; Vendor, Washington, DC
2012 Worcester Windows; group exhibition, Worcester, MA
2012 Rules of the Game; group exhibition, Bing Art Center, Springfield, MA
2011 Eye of the Beholder; group exhibition, Maryland Federation of Art, Annapolis, MD
2011 Chain Letter, group exhibition, Sampson Projects; Boston, MA
2011 All Mixed Up, juried group exhibition, Davis Art Gallery, Worcester, MA
2011 A Community of Artists, juried group exhibition, Danforth Museum, Framingham, MA
2011 This is not a portrait, James Esber, Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum, Ridgefield, CT
2010 Slide Slam, group exhibition, Real Artways, Hartford, CT
2009 What is a Woman, group exhibition, Journee Internationale de la Femme, Brussels, Belgium
2008 London Biennial, group exhibition, Transcultural Exchange Organization; London, England
2008 AmericAura; group exhibition National Library of Yaounde, Cameroon
2007 The American Dream: When Worlds Collide, group exhibition, Takt Project Raum; Berlin, Germany
2007 Straight Out of Harlem, commercial representation, New York, NY
2005 Blessings, group exhibition, Gallery in the Woods, Brattleboro, VT
2005-19 The Red Piano Too Gallery, commercial representation, St. Helena’s Island, SC
Teaching
2017-20 Adjunct Faculty; Hampshire College, Music Department; Course: Sound for Change Ensemble
1995-2013 National Faculty; Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences; School of Education
(Integrated Teaching and Learning Through the Arts) Lesley University; Cambridge, MA
Courses: Integrated Teaching through the Arts; Multiple Perspectives on Music; Arts and
Culture in Community; Educator Inquiry
Adjunct Faculty; Antioch College; Keene, New Hampshire; graduate school of Education
Course: The Arts and Multicultural Education
2000-02 Adjunct Faculty; UMass Amherst; Graduate School of Education
Course: An Arts Approach to Multicultural Education
1996-09 Adjunct Faculty; U. of Massachusetts, Amherst; Afro American Studies:
Course: Culturally Responsive Education through the Arts
Arts Management
1990-2020 Director, Augusta Savage Gallery, Fine Arts Center; University of Massachusetts,
Curated visual and performing arts programming; financial management,
promotion, advertising, & audience development; staff supervision; founded Arts
International Residency (AIR) to establish partnerships in South Africa, Mexico,
Germany, Romania, India, Ecuador.
1987-9 Concert Coordinator, Balasaraswati Institute of Music and Dance, NY, NY
booked South Indian music & dance educational programs in public schools
1986-9 Auditor, New York State Council on The Arts; New York, N.Y.
Evaluator, National Endowment for the Arts; Washington D.C.
conducted on-site evaluations for State funded music programs
1983-6 Executive Director; Outward Visions; New York, NY
grant writing, supervised music education program
Selected Arts & Education Workshops & Presentations
2021-24 Write Now!; Writing Workshop Facilitator; Eggtooth Productions; Greenfield, MA
2020 Principles of Improvisation for Social Change; Sojourner Truth School for Social Justice; MA
2018 Women in Arts Leadership Conference Arts Extension Service; UMass Amherst, MA
2016 Transcultural Exchange Conference Portfolio Reviewer; Boston, MA
2015 The Performance Project Workshop Facilitator for Teen Theater Ensemble; Springfield, MA
2010 Hampshire Correctional Facility Writing Workshop Facilitator; Chicopee, MA
2010 Academy of Music; keynote “Living Large through an Improvised Life” Northampton, MA
2010 Bella Abzug Leadership Institute; leadership workshop for women of color; New York, NY
2006-7 Somali Refugee Women’s Economic Development Project; NEW World Theater, U. of Massachusetts Amherst; Visual
Arts Workshop);
2003 Sankofa: Afro Colombian Dance Company; Principles of Improvisation; Medellin, Colombia;
2003 Managing Complexity and Diversity in Language Teaching, Keynote English Language Teaching Conference, Medellin
Colombia; Centro Colombo Americano
2003 Henry Martyn Institute Art for Community Peace Youth Workshops, Hyderabad, India
2001 Tamulte Community Center Principles of Improvisation for Nikamba: Indigenous Dance Company of Tabasco, Youth
Workshop, Tamulte, Mexico
2002 Antioch College; Teacher Workshop: Multicultural Education and the Arts; Keene, NH
2001 Lesley University; Symposium: Arts & Multicultural Education; Cambridge, MA 1997- 2011
Cape Town Gallery; Arts for Social Change Youth Poetry Workshop; Cape Town, South Africa
2001 Ekupholeni, Where We Live; Visual Art Workshop for Youth; Katlehong, South Africa,
2000 Antioch College; Creativity and Arts in the Multiage Classroom; Keene, NH
1996 Belchertown High School; Integrating the Arts into the Curriculum; Belchertown, MA
1995 Westfield State College; Cultural Identity and Creative Expression, Professional Development Workshop, Westfield, MA
1995 Lesley University; Opening the Voice: Women’s Creativity and Spirituality; Cambridge, MA
1991 Wayne State College; Introduction to Vocal Improvisation; Denver, CO
Conference Presentations
2010 “Black Music in the Pioneer Valley” Afro American Studies 40th Anniversary panel; UMass; Amherst, MA
2002 “Navigators: An Interdisciplinary Performance Collage” Keynote Presenter, Conference for Interdisciplinary Qualitative
Studies (QUID); Athens, GA
2001 “Exploring Principles of Jazz Improvisation for more Democratic Learning” Curriculum and Pedagogy Conference;
Victoria, British Columbia,
2000 “Teachers’ Stories: Arts-Based Research from the College Classroom” The Teaching of Difficult Knowledge: Creating
Inclusive Schools Across Difference; Conference for Educators on Cultural Diversity, The New School University; NY, NY
2000 “Sweeping the Temple: African American Musicians Dancers and Visual Artists in Academe,” American Educational
Studies Association (AESA) Victoria, British Columbia
2000 “The Role of Performance Narrative in Education” American Educational Research Association; New Orleans, LA
1992 “A Place for Improvisation” Celebrating African Identity (CELAFI), panelist; Toronto, Canada
Committees, Panels & Professional Affiliations
2023 - present Danforth Museum; Collections Committee; Framingham, MA
2022 Continuum; Board of Directors; NY, NY;
2015-18 Community Foundation of Western MA; Board of Trustees; Springfield, MA
2001-5 Teaching Artists’ Journal, Editorial Board; Routledge, Taylor & Francis Press
2008-present Eggtooth Productions, Board of Directors; Deerfield/Greenfield, MA
2006-9 Pioneer Valley Performing Arts Charter School, Board of Directors, Hadley, MA
2005 Connecticut Commission for the Arts & Tourism, Panelist; New Haven,CT
2003 National Endowment for the Arts, Multidisciplinary Access, Panelist; Washington, DC
2002-7 Teaching Artist Journal, Editorial Board; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
2002-present Arts in Education Institute, Board of Directors; Hadley, MA
2002 Ford Foundation; Arts Education Research Convening, Consultant; New York, NY
2001 National Endowment for the Arts, Multidisciplinary Access, Panelist; Washington, DC
2001 Siyabuswa Education Improvement & Development Trust, Keynote; South Africa
2000 Arts-Based Educational Research Annual Conference, Proposal Reader
1997 Lila Wallace-Reader’s Digest Fund, Panelist
1996 Lila Wallace-Reader’s Digest Fund, Panelist
1995 National Endowment for the Arts: Service Organizations, panelist Washington, DC;
1995 New England Foundation for the Arts, Panelist; Cambridge, MA
1995 National Endowment for the Arts: Jazz Fellowships; Panelist, Washington, DC
1994-6 Amherst Cultural Council, Panelist; Amherst, MA
1994 New England Foundation for the Arts; Panelist; Cambridge, MA;
1992-5 Chancellor’s Multicultural Advisory Board; University of Massachusetts, Amherst
1993 Jazz As Living History, Yale University, Panelist; New Haven, CT
1992 Celebrating African Identity, Panelist Toronto, Canada;
1990 New Music America, Panelist; Montreal, Canada
Awards
2024 Virginia Center for the Creative Arts; Artist-in-Residence
2023 Grand Canyon Conservancy; Artist-in-Residence
2023 Creative Capital
2023 South Arts Jazz Road Touring
2022 New England Foundation for the Arts (NEFA/ Dr. Larry Simpson Award); Composition
2021 South Arts Jazz Road Creative Residency; Composition & Residency
2021 Massachusetts Cultural Council; Composition
2016 Glimmer Train Press; Honorable Mention “That Noise In Her Head”
2013 The Association of Icelandic Visual Artists
2013 Finishing Line Press, Finalist, New Women’s Voices, chapbook publication award
2011 Hill House Residency; Institute for Sustainable Living, Art & Natural Design
2000 International Programs; U. of Massachusetts, Amherst: Arts Research Grant, South Africa
1995-7 Phi Delta Kappa, Educational Leadership
1995 University of Massachusetts; The Chancellor's Multicultural Award, Amherst, MA
1993 New England Foundation for the Arts: Composition
1992 Musician Deserving Wider Recognition Downbeat Magazine Critics' Poll
1991 Musician Deserving Wider Recognition Downbeat Magazine Critics' Poll
1990 Musician Deserving Wider Recognition Downbeat Magazine Critics' Poll
1989 Musician Deserving Wider Recognition Downbeat Magazine Critics' Poll
1985 National Endowment for the Arts: Jazz Performance
1984 Barbara Deming Money For Women Fund: Composition/Performance
1983 National Endowment for the Arts: Arts Management Fellowship
1981 National Endowment for the Arts: Jazz Composition
Publications
2024 Small Town, in Boundaries & Borders: A Literary Exploration of Global Voices, Women of Color Writers
2023 Making Meaning, in Art as a Way of Listening, Routledge Press
2015 Mystical Humanity, in Giving Birth To Sound: Women in Creative Music; Buddy’s Knife
2012 Heat, in The Sun Magazine (Readers Write)
2011 Boxes, in The Sun Magazine (Readers Write)
2009 Blues in Bolero in Silent Solos: Improvisers Speak; Buddy’s Knife Press
2009 Angels for Dreams, in Go, Tell Michelle: Letters from African American Women to the New
First Lady; edited by Barbara Nevergold, SUNY Press
2008 Hearing Jesusa’s Laugh, in Arts-based Research in Education: Foundations for Practice, edited
by Melissa Cahnmann-Taylor and Richard Siegesmund, Routledge Press
2007 Feathers, in Dear Paulo: Letters from Those Who Dare Teach; edited by Sonia Nieto;
Paradigm Publishers
2002 Sweeping the Temple: A Performance Collage, in Dancing the Data; Chapter and live
performance contributions for Book/ CD ROM project Published by Peter Lang Publishing
2000 Navigators: African American Musicians, Dancers, and Visual Artists in Academe SUNY Press
1981-2 The Afro-American Fiddler, in New England Journal of Black Studies
References to Jenoure’s publications (selected)
2023 Mahoney, Kyle, "Searching for Satan in the Pre-War Devil Blues," B.A. Honors Theses. William & Mary College
2021 Amoriza Gunnink, Through the Kaleidoscope: Nurturing Aesthetic Dispositions in Young
Children, Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo
2020 Lucia Bell-Epstein, Musical Talent in Fugitive Slave Advertisements: A Mode of Resistance
Central to Black Diasporic Cultural Expression and Identity, Chrysalis (pg. 25-35), Dr. Charmaine A. Nelson, Ed.
2018 Robert Burke, and Andrys Onsman, Experimentation in Improvised Jazz, Routledge Press
2018 Jeff Schwartz, Free Jazz: A Research and Information Guide, Routledge Press
2018 Gloria J. Wilson, Navigating Crooked Rooms: Intersections of Race and Arts Participation,
Malgrave MacMillan
2016 Victoria Foster, Collaborative Arts-Based Research for Social Justice, Routledge Press
2016 Jacqueline Cogdell Djedje, The (Mis)Representation of African American Music: The Role of
the Fiddle, Cambridge University Press
2015 Jennifer Richardson, The Women lament; Unraveling the “I”in Arts Research, A Journal of
Issues and Research, Taylor 7 Francis
2015 Jason C. Bivins, Spirits Rejoice!: Jazz and American Religion, Oxford University Press
2014 Patricia Leavy, G. Chilton, Arts-Based Research Practice: Merging Social Research and the
Creative Arts, The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research, Oxford University Press
2014 Carolyn Finney, Brave New World? Ruminations on Race in the Twenty-First Century,
Antipode Journal
2013 Pat Schneider, How the Light Gets In: Writing as a Spiritual Practice, Oxford Press
2013 Paul Anthony Atkinson, and Sara Delmont, SAGE: Qualitative Research Methods (SAGE
Benchmarks in Social Research Methods)
2013 B.L. Bartleet, Artful and Embodied Methods, Modes of Inquiry, and Forms of representation,
Handbook of Autoethnography
2012 A.R. Schenstead, The Timelessness of Arts-Based Research: Looking Back Upon a Heuristic
Self-Study and the Arts-Based Reflexivity Data Analysis Method, Voices: A World Forum for Music
2010 Adrienne Dixson, and Jamila D. Smith, Jump at Da Sun: Black Feminist Influences on Social
Justice Pedagogy, Social Justice Pedagogy Across the Curriculum, Routledge Press
2010 Amanda Schenstead, Performing Musical Liberation: The Flute and the Self in Improvisation Exploration and Music
Therapy Practice, Wilfrid Laurier University, Music Therapy Department, thesis.
2010 Jones, Moore and Bridgforth (eds.) Experiments in a Jazz Aesthetic: Art, Activism, Academia
and the Austin Project, University of Texas Press
2009 Patricia Leavy, Ph.D., Method Meets Art: Arts-Based Research Practice
2008 Charles Michael Sharp, “Improvisation, Identity and Tradition: Experimental Music
Communities in Los Angeles” (Ph.D. dissertation/ U. of California, Los Angeles)
2008 Shane Cammell, What can I understand about children with special needs from the musical offerings that emerge in
the music therapy process? New Zealand School of Music, thesis, Wellington, New Zealand
2008 C. Bagley, Educational Ethnography as Performance Art: Towards a Sensuous Feeling and Knowing, Qualitative
Research
2007 Karen Estrella, and Michele Forinash, Narrative Inquiry and Arts-Based Inquiry: Multinarrative Perspectives, Journal of
Humanistic Psychology
2007 Raleigh Kenneth Dailey, Folklore, Composition, and Free Jazz: The Life and Music of John Carter. Ph.D. dissertation, 2
vols. Lexington: U of KY, 2007. xiv, 779 p.
2006 Irving Seidman, Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education, Teachers College Press
2006 Theodorea Regina Berry and Nathalie D. Mizelle, Eds., From Oppression to Grace: Women of Color and Their
Dilemmas in the Academy, Stylus Publishing
2006 Sonia Nieto, Teaching As Political Work: Learning from Caring and Courageous Teachers; The Longfellow Lecture,
Child Development Institute, Sarah Lawrence College
2005 Adrienne D Dixson, Extending the Metaphore: Notions of Jazz in Portraiture, Qualitative Inquiry
2005 Sonia Nieto, Why We Teach, Teachers College Press
2005 Adrienne D. Dixson, Extending the Metaphor: Notions of Jazz in Portraiture, in Qualitative Inquiry
2005 Barbara L. Wheeler, Music Therapy Research, Barcelona Publishers
2003 Michael Dessen, Decolonizing Art Music: Scenes from the Late Twentieth-Century United States, University of
California, San Diego, Dissertation
2003 Kathleen Vaughan, Making it Up as We Go Along: Reflections from Artists Learning to Teach, in Imagination in
Education Research Group (IERG), July 16-19, Vancouver, BC
2001 Jyl Lynn Felman Never A Dull Moment: Teaching and the Art of Performance (Feminism Takes Center Stage),
Routledge Press
1998 D. Antoinette Handy, Black Women in American Bands and Orchestras, Scarecrow Press, Inc.
1998 Gary Giddens , Visions of Jazz: The First Century, Oxford University Press
1996 Karen B. Donaldson, Through Students’ Eyes: Combatting Racism in United States Schools, Praeger Publishers
1995 Barry Kernfeld (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Recorded Jazz, 2nd Edition, Blackwell Publishers
1992 Joachim E. Berendt, The Jazz Book: From Ragtime to Fusion and Beyond, 8th Edition,
Lawrence Hill Books